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that there's talk of even human cloning, some might find the term
"miracle baby" a bit passé.
Not Ken and Lori Kreher.
As tiny 2-week-old Blake Edward Kreher slept blissfully in his
mother's arms one recent afternoon, "miracle" is the only
word that came to mind.
"See our calm little boy here?" cooed Lori as she showed
off her newborn son, who made hardly a whimper through 90 minutes
of talking, picture-taking and visitors coming and going. "Isn't
he a little guy? We were just so excited. It's just a miracle. I
mean it really is. A miracle."
After years of trying to become pregnant, perhaps miracle is the
only way the Krehers can describe it. In some ways, it pretty much
describes Ken Kreher's life the last 10 years.
In 1989, Kreher - as he now describes it - had a "bad day
at work." An operating engineer at Granite City Steel, he was
paralyzed when a pallet of falling building blocks struck him, breaking
his back in three places and severing his spinal cord.
For three weeks, doctors didn't even work on the comatose Kreher's
back because they didn't expect the then-27-year-old man to live.
But after nine hours of surgery to relieve pressure on his brain
and set his back, Kreher not only pulled through, he has gone on
to become a world-class wheelchair athlete.
One prize, however, kept eluding the Krehers: a sibling for daughter
Kelli, who was just 6 months old when her dad was hurt. Soon after
his recovery, Kreher, like many paralyzed men, began investigating
the only option he thought was open to him: a "nasty"
procedure known as electrical ejaculation - EE for short.
For six years, Kreher periodically traveled to Columbia, Mo., to
have current shot through electrodes placed near his prostate gland.
And time after time, the Krehers returned home without success.
Finally, while training for the paraolympics, a trainer urged Kreher
to call Dr. Sherman Silber
at the Infertility Center of St. Louis at St. Luke's Hospital. Kreher
was understandably skeptical. Yet in just six months - on the second
try - his wife was pregnant and, after an uneventful pregnancy,
Blake Edward entered the world at 11:15 a.m. Jan. 8.
"This is the first procedure since I've been a paraplegic
that's been completely successful," Kreher said. "I mean
I've tried a lot of different things, and this is the first that
was 100 percent successful."
And, when Blake is old enough to understand, he'll realize his
conception was nothing short of mind-boggling.
For starters, instead of zapping Kreher with electricity, Silber
used a short surgical procedure to remove sperm directly from Kreher's
testicles. Silber calls it testicular
sperm extraction or TESE.
Then, using the tiniest of tools under a microscope, Silber managed
to inject individual sperm into the eggs that surgeons had harvested
from Lori Kreher. It's known as intracytoplasmic sperm injection
or ICSI.
Finally, instead of simply putting the resulting embryos back into
Lori's uterus as he did the first time, Silber surgically placed
the fertilized eggs into Lori's fallopian tube. Zygote intrafallopian
transfer or ZIFT - has a pregnancy rate of about 50 percent per
try, Silber said.
But forget the medical terms. When Lori, 34, found she was pregnant
in May, the only term that crossed her mind was "ecstatic."
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"Just
some tightness in my stomach where I have some sensation," Kreher
said of his recovery from the operation. "And, pretty much just
that same day. Nothing at all like the EE program."
Even if only 1 percent of the sperm are alive, you're still talking
about upwards of 800,000 motile sperm. Those that aren't used for
one try can be frozen, meaning that one extraction procedure can
be good for a lifetime.
Breathtaking advances in sex-cell manipulation and fertility knowledge
have further heightened Silber's success rates. For example, Silber
learned that if you inject a healthy sperm into an egg, the sperm
will actually keep swimming and destroy the egg. Now, Silber actually
has to break the tail of this thing you can't see with the naked
eye and then inject it.
Scientists have also found it's better to culture embryos in the
woman's own blood and, when necessary, to put the embryos into the
fallopian tube rather than the uterus. And, by actually cutting
a small hole in the outside of the embryo's shell, doctors can improve
the chances of pregnancy even further.
Still, it's not an exact science. When Lori Kreher first went through
the program last January. doctors were able to harvest nine eggs
for the ICSI procedure, but she failed to become pregnant.
"I was bummed out when it didn't work the first time,"
she said. "But I thought we had a much better chance getting
pregnant with Dr. Silber anytime than we did with anything else
that we had done before."
Tweaking her hormone regimen a bit, doctors manage to produce 21
eggs when the Krehers tried again in April. This time, surgeons
were able to implant five healthy embryos into Kreher's fallopian
tube. The question soon became: How many babies would she have?
"That was a little bit nerve-wracking to know that you have
all those eggs in there that could be making babies," Ken Kreher
said. "But we would have survived whatever. We're just happy
we had one healthy little one."
Lori Kreher figured it's just what the doctor ordered for her husband.
"I think Kelli, being a baby, kept him going after the injury,"
Lori said. "It was like 'You can't be a baby, you've got a
baby.' So I think Kelli was good for him then and I think he's good
for him now."
"Besides me, of course," she added with a quick laugh.
Later this year, Ken Kreher, who is currently nursing an ailing
shoulder, expects to rejoin the wheelchair racing circuit, for which
he often trains 100 miles a week or more down country roads near
his home.
Sponsored by Roho and Crown Therapeutics of Belleville, Kreher
in his career has raced in London, zoomed down the Boston Marathon's
Heartbreak Hill at 42 mph and missed qualifying for the paraolympics
by the thinnest of margins. Now, with Blake Edward in tow, he knows
he'll be a winner at those races whether he's first across the finish
line or not.
"When we found out we were pregnant last year and were going
to all these races, he was like the hit, you know?" Lori Kreher
said.
How did you do it?' 'Who did you talk to?' They all want to know
how it happened because that's the big thing: People in chairs still
want to have a family."
"I've known guys who have lost marriages because they can't
have children," Ken Kreher added. "But I know now there's
a source Out there. Obviously, Dr. Silber knows what he's doing
and he's confident about it."
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"I about fell out of my chair," said Lori, describing
her reaction when her doctor, who unbeknownst to her had called
for her blood test results, gave her the news. "I was like
crying. I wish (Ken) would have been there. I could hardly drive
home I was so excited."
Kelli, who has wanted a little brother or sister since she started
school, started to bubble over as soon as her mom picked her up
at school and gave her the news. When the two arrived home at their
spacious farm house 5 miles south of Freeburg, Kelli ran in to inform
her father, "You're going to be a dad!"
"It was overwhelming," Ken Kreher said. "I mean
it was great. I was speechless."
Still, nobody was happier than Silber himself.
"I was thrilled," he said. "You have to be objective,
but I have to say that they're such a special couple that have overcome
adversity with a smile on their face that everybody in the office
was ecstatic. I mean everybody jumped for joy. They're the kind
of people who should have kids because they're just going to do
the most amazing job of raising them."
Yet Silber knows there are countless thousands of men - men who
are paralyzed or have cystic fibrosis, for example - who are unaware
of the latest advances in fertility treatments. Like Kreher, he
says, many are still subjecting themselves to the EE technique,
which is both uncomfortable and has very limited success.
"My body would be just totally wiped out for days," Kreher
said, describing how he would feel after going through a procedure.
"It was almost like a flu symptom that you just couldn't get
rid of. And, I mean it was really messing with my training regimen."
The trouble, Silber said, is that even if you can harvest sperm
through electrical ejaculation, the sperm are of such poor quality
that they can't fertilize an egg if left to their own devices in
a petri dish.
So, 10 years ago, Silber began using his sperm extraction procedure
and then started combining it with ICSI five years later. In women
under 30, the combo can produce pregnancy rates of up to 60 percent
per try, Silber said.
But although his wife was optimistic, Kreher had his doubts. When
given Silber's number, he left it to his wife to make the initial
call.
"I've just heard so many stories," Kreher said. "People
tell you you're going to walk again and, in the early stage of an
injury you're gullible for that stuff. You want it -- sure you do
-- but you set yourself up for a crash. And the depression will
eat you up if you let it, that is."
But Silber says he knew the ICSI procedure would not only work,
it would also offer the Krehers other advantages. With a simple
surgical procedure using a tiny incision in the scrotum, Silber
can extract up to 80 million sperm.
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